Glossary

A


Addition

The binary operation of addition on the set of all real numbers that adds one number of the set to another in the set to form a third number which is also in the set.

Active voice

A sentence is written in active voice when the subject of the sentence is performing the action (for example, "The cat chased the mouse.")

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Clause

Clauses are the building blocks of sentences, groups of words that contain a subject and a verb. Clauses can be main or subordinate.

Command

To issue an order or orders.

Conjunction

A conjunction is a type of connective ('connective' is an umbrella term for any word that connects bits of text). Co-ordinating connectives include the words and, but and so; subordinating connectives include the words because, if and until.

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Division

Division can be sharing – the number to be divided is shared equally into the stated number of parts; or grouping – the number of groups of a given size is found. Division is the inverse operation to multiplication.

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Exclamation

A loud complaint or protest.

F


Fraction

The result of dividing one integer by a second integer, which must be non-zero. The dividend is the numerator and the non-zero divisor is the denominator. See also common fraction, decimal fraction, equivalent fraction, improper fraction, proper fraction, simple fraction, unit fraction and vulgar fraction.

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M


Main clause

A sentence contains at least one clause which is not a subordinate clause; such a clause is a main clause. A main clause may contain any number of subordinate clauses

Multiplication

Multiplication (often denoted by the symbol "×") is the mathematical operation of scaling one number by another. It is one of the four binary operations in arithmetic (the others being addition, subtraction and division).

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Passive voice

A sentence is written in passive voice when the subject of the sentence has something done to it by someone or something. For example: "The mouse was being chased by the cat."

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Question

An expression often used to test knowledge.

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Statement

A communication or declaration in speech or writing, setting forth facts, particulars, etc.

Subordinate clause

A subordinate clause needs to be attached to a main clause because it cannot make sense on its own, although it contains a subject and a verb.

Subtraction

The inverse operation to addition. Finding the difference when comparing magnitude. Take away.

T


Tense

In English, tense is the choice between present and past verbs, which is special because it is signalled by inflections and normally indicates differences of time. In contrast, languages like French, Spanish and Italian, have three or more distinct tense forms, including a future tense.

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